Permanent magnet synchronous motor

Permanent magnet synchronous motors emerged in the 1950s. The operating principle of permanent magnet synchronous motor is the same as that of ordinary electric excitation synchronous motor, but it uses permanent magnet excitation instead of excitation winding excitation, making the motor structure simpler, reducing processing and assembly costs, and also saving the collector ring and brush that are prone to problems, improving the reliability of motor operation. Due to the absence of excitation current and excitation loss, the working efficiency of the motor is improved.

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Product advantages

The so-called permanent magnet refers to the addition of permanent magnets during the manufacturing of motor rotors, which further improves the performance of the motor. The so-called synchronization refers to the constant consistency between the rotor speed and the current frequency of the stator winding. Therefore, by controlling the input current frequency of the stator winding of the motor, the motor speed will ultimately be controlled. How to adjust the current frequency is the problem that the electronic control part needs to solve.

Structure and characteristics

The main components of a permanent magnet synchronous motor are: rotor, stator, end cover, and other components.

The stator of PMSM mainly specifies two parts: the sub winding and the stator core. The stator winding currently has two structures: distributed and centralized. The distributed winding is similar to the multiphase AC winding of the stator of an asynchronous motor. It is generally hoped that the ideal magnetic flux generated by the stator winding distributed in the stator slot is a sine wave, but the actual winding will not generate an ideal sine wave. Define the number of winding slots per pole per phase q=Z/(2 * np * m), where Z is the number of stator slots, np is the number of motor pole pairs, and m is the number of motor stator winding phases.

The rotor of PMSM mainly includes permanent magnets, rotor cores, shafts, bearings, etc. The rotor of traditional grid powered asynchronous starting permanent magnet synchronous motors is equipped with cage windings, while modern variable frequency speed control permanent magnet synchronous motors usually do not have rotor windings installed. According to the position of permanent magnets in the rotor core, they can be divided into surface type and built-in type PMSM. Surface mounted PMSM can be divided into two types of structures: surface mounted and plug-in.

Main applications

Permanent magnet synchronous motors are the most commonly used motors in electric vehicles and robots today.